Essential Principles

✏️ “Cross-hatching is sculpting with lines – every stroke should reveal form.”

5-Step Professional Technique

1. Outline & Plan

• Lightly sketch the object’s form and shadow areas

• Mark highlight zones (keep these line-free)

• Pro Tip: Use a 2H pencil for guidelines

2. First Direction Hatching

• Draw parallel lines following the object’s contours

• Example: For a sphere → use curved lines radiating outward

• Density:

  • Light areas → sparse lines

  • Shadows → tighter spacing

3. Opposing Angle Layer

• Add perpendicular lines (45-60° angle to first set)

• Maintain consistent curvature with the form

• Common Mistake: Avoid 90° grids (creates flat look)

4. Diagonal Reinforcement

• Add intermediate angles (30° or 75°)

• Focus on transition zones between light/shadow

• Advanced: Vary line weight (thicker in deep shadows)

5. Final Darkening

• Use multi-directional strokes in darkest areas

• Avoid:

  • Overworking highlights

  • Uniform darkness (preserve value range)

Why This Works

✅ Creates Depth

• Curved lines mimic surface geometry

• Layered angles build gradual tonal transitions

✅ Enhances Texture

• Wood: Follow grain direction

• Metal: Add sharp highlight gaps

✅ Professional Results

Left: Flat grid
Right: Form-responsive hatching

Common Mistakes & Fixes